In a commentary, SMU Associate Professor of Law Dorcas Quek Anderson cited research showing that negotiations conducted via text messaging take nearly twice as long, yield poorer outcomes, and leave participants feeling more dissatisfied. She noted that text messaging has been associated with lower time efficiency, lower likelihood of consensus, and poorer relational outcomes than other communication channels. According to her, text negotiations were also associated with lower rapport levels and a weaker desire to interact with the same person in the future. Text messaging was also the only communication medium linked to negative emotions such as anger. Assoc Prof Anderson explained that because texting lacks visual and vocal cues, it makes it harder to interpret tone and emotion, increasing anonymity and psychological distance between parties.