178 SMU students of the [‘Introductory Statistics’ course, instructed by SMU Senior Lecturer of Statistics Ms Rosie Ching], were involved in a comprehensive five-week survey of toilets in all 109 hawker centres and four in five coffee shops across the island, in a project which partnered the World Toilet Organisation. The data collected was used to produce a Toilet Cleanliness Index (TCI) for public toilets in Singapore’s hawker centres and coffee shops.  The survey and TCI, designed and developed by Ms Ching, took into account variables such as the cleanliness of toilet features in and outside the cubicles such as sinks, floors, mirrors, the toilet design, and the distance between the toilets and the cooking facilities.