SMU Associate Professor of Law Goh Yihan was appointed to give an independent view of a case where a woman gave birth to a baby with a stranger's sperm instead of her husband's due to an in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) sperm mix-up. He said that ‘upkeep costs should be awarded in the present case’ and added that ‘the defendants owed the woman a duty of care in performing the IVF procedure to fertilise her eggs with her husband's sperm’.