According to a study conducted by SMU's Lien Centre for Social Innovation, the Philippines was cited as a Southeast Asian leader in modern-day philanthropy. However, questions have been raised about its sustainability since its local institutional donations remain insufficient to obviate foreign donor support. The research entitled, "Levers for Change-Philanthropy in select Southeast Asian countries", which is part of the Social Insight Research Series, closely examined philanthropic activities in the Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, and Thailand.