According to a report by the SMU Lien Centre for Social Innovation, Associate Dean (External Relations) of SMU School of Social Sciences and Associate Professor of Political Science John Donaldson, and NUS Institute of Policy Studies Adjunct Senior Research Fellow Yeoh Lam Keong, Singapore needs to reassess the way in which poverty is acknowledged, defined and addressed in order to better identify needs within the population. Monetary-based measures of poverty – such as income levels – may have their limitations, but when combined with various non-monetary measures, they can be useful. The researchers looked at various models of measuring poverty and their suitability for Singapore, such as the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) developed by the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative.